CSS & PPSC General Knowledge Questions 2026 — 100 Q&A

CSS & PPSC General Knowledge — Complete Guide

The CSS (Central Superior Services) and PPSC (Punjab Public Service Commission) exams are among the most competitive in Pakistan. This guide covers 100 essential questions with answers across Pakistan Studies, World Geography, International Organizations, and Science.

Pakistan Studies (Q1–25)

1. When did Pakistan gain independence? (14 August 1947)
2. Who is the founder of Pakistan? (Muhammad Ali Jinnah — Quaid-e-Azam)
3. What is the capital of Pakistan? (Islamabad — became capital in 1966)
4. How many provinces does Pakistan have? (4 — Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan)
5. What is the national language of Pakistan? (Urdu)
6. What is the national animal of Pakistan? (Markhor)
7. What is the national flower? (Jasmine — Chambeli)
8. What is the highest peak in Pakistan? (K2 — 8,611 meters)
9. Which river is longest in Pakistan? (Indus River)
10. When was the Constitution of Pakistan adopted? (1973)
11. What is the total area of Pakistan? (881,913 sq km)
12. Which city is the largest in Pakistan by population? (Karachi)
13. What is the name of Pakistan's parliament? (Majlis-e-Shoora)
14. How many seats are in the National Assembly? (336 seats)
15. When was Pakistan's first nuclear test? (28 May 1998 — Chagai)
16. Who was Pakistan's first Prime Minister? (Liaquat Ali Khan)
17. Who was Pakistan's first President? (Iskander Mirza)
18. What is CPEC? (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor)
19. What is Gwadar famous for? (Deep-sea port on the Arabian Sea)
20. Which pass connects Pakistan and Afghanistan? (Khyber Pass)
21. What is the Tarbela Dam built on? (Indus River)
22. Which city is called the City of Gardens? (Lahore)
23. When did East Pakistan become Bangladesh? (16 December 1971)
24. What is Pakistan's largest province by area? (Balochistan)
25. Which city is Pakistan's financial capital? (Karachi)

World Geography (Q26–50)

26. Which is the largest continent? (Asia)
27. What is the longest river in the world? (Nile — 6,650 km)
28. Which is the highest mountain in the world? (Mount Everest — 8,848.86 m)
29. What is the smallest country in the world? (Vatican City)
30. Which ocean is the largest? (Pacific Ocean)
31. What is the capital of China? (Beijing)
32. Which desert is the largest in the world? (Sahara Desert)
33. What is the capital of Australia? (Canberra — not Sydney)
34. Which is the deepest lake in the world? (Lake Baikal, Russia)
35. What is the capital of Brazil? (Brasília — not Rio de Janeiro)
36. What is the capital of Turkey? (Ankara — not Istanbul)
37. Which country has the most time zones? (France — 12 time zones)
38. Which country is called the Rainbow Nation? (South Africa)
39. Which continent has no permanent human population? (Antarctica)
40. What is the capital of Canada? (Ottawa — not Toronto)
41. What is the Amazon River known for? (World's largest river by water volume)
42. Which country has the most natural lakes? (Canada)
43. What is the Strait of Malacca? (Narrow waterway between Malaysia and Indonesia)
44. Which is the largest country by area? (Russia)
45. Which country is called the Land of the Rising Sun? (Japan)
46. What is the Great Barrier Reef? (World's largest coral reef — off Australia)
47. Which country has the world's largest population? (India — as of 2023)
48. What is the Ring of Fire? (Area of frequent earthquakes/volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean)
49. Which river flows through Egypt? (Nile River)
50. What is the Dead Sea famous for? (Lowest point on Earth's surface — very high salt content)

International Organizations (Q51–75)

51. What does NATO stand for? (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
52. How many members does the UN have? (193 member states)
53. What is the WTO? (World Trade Organization)
54. What does IMF stand for? (International Monetary Fund)
55. What is SAARC? (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation — 8 members)
56. What is the OIC? (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation — 57 members)
57. When was the UN founded? (1945)
58. What does WHO stand for? (World Health Organization)
59. What is BRICS? (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa)
60. What does SCO stand for? (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation)
61. When did Pakistan join the UN? (30 September 1947)
62. What is the Commonwealth of Nations? (56 countries — mostly former British colonies)
63. What are SDGs? (Sustainable Development Goals — 17 goals set by UN in 2015)
64. What is OPEC? (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
65. What is the World Bank's purpose? (Financial assistance to developing countries)
66. What is G7? (Group of 7 largest advanced economies)
67. What is G20? (Group of 20 major economies)
68. What is ASEAN? (Association of Southeast Asian Nations — 10 members)
69. What is UNESCO? (UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
70. What is UNICEF? (UN Children's Fund)
71. What is the Belt and Road Initiative? (China's global infrastructure investment strategy)
72. What is CPEC part of? (China's Belt and Road Initiative)
73. What is the International Court of Justice (ICJ)? (Principal judicial organ of the UN — in The Hague)
74. Where is the WHO headquartered? (Geneva, Switzerland)
75. What is the Paris Agreement? (2015 international treaty on climate change)

Science & Technology (Q76–100)

76. What is DNA? (Deoxyribonucleic Acid — carries genetic information)
77. What is the speed of light? (approximately 3×10⁸ m/s)
78. What is the most abundant gas in atmosphere? (Nitrogen — 78%)
79. What is the powerhouse of the cell? (Mitochondria)
80. What is E=mc²? (Einstein's mass-energy equivalence)
81. What is the human body's largest organ? (Skin)
82. What is 5G? (Fifth generation mobile network)
83. What is the ozone layer? (Stratosphere layer absorbing UV radiation)
84. What is nuclear fission? (Splitting an atom releasing huge energy)
85. What is the Big Bang theory? (Universe began ~13.8 billion years ago from a singularity)
86. What is a black hole? (Region where gravity is so strong nothing can escape)
87. What is CRISPR? (Gene-editing technology)
88. What is renewable energy? (Energy from solar, wind, hydro — naturally replenished)
89. What is the Internet of Things? (Network of interconnected physical devices)
90. What is machine learning? (AI systems that learn from data)
91. What is quantum computing? (Computing using quantum mechanics for faster processing)
92. What is the World Wide Web? (System of hypertext documents — invented by Tim Berners-Lee 1989)
93. What is cybersecurity? (Protection of systems from digital attacks)
94. What is an algorithm? (Step-by-step instructions for solving a problem)
95. What is nanotechnology? (Manipulation of matter at atomic scale)
96. What is the LHC? (Large Hadron Collider — world's largest particle accelerator at CERN)
97. What is photosynthesis? (Plants convert sunlight + CO₂ + water into food and oxygen)
98. What is blockchain? (Decentralized digital ledger technology)
99. What is climate change? (Long-term shift in global temperatures due to human activities)
100. What is artificial intelligence? (Machine simulation of human intelligence)