Misinformation and Digital Ethics

1. What does 'informed consent' mean in the context of data collection on social media?

• A. Users being clearly informed about, and voluntarily agreeing to, how their data will be collected and used ✓
• B. Automatic data collection without any user notification
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement disclosure that is optional

💡 'Informed consent' means users are clearly informed about, and voluntarily agree to, how their personal data will be collected and used.

2. What is 'confirmation bias' as it relates to social media consumption?

• A. The tendency to favor information that confirms one's existing beliefs while dismissing contradictory evidence ✓
• B. The tendency to always seek out opposing viewpoints
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Confirmation bias' describes the tendency to favor information confirming existing beliefs, while dismissing contradictory evidence, a pattern often reinforced by social media.

3. What does 'digital consent literacy' involve teaching users?

• A. Understanding what they are agreeing to regarding data use, terms of service, and privacy policies ✓
• B. How to write complex software code
• C. How to build computer hardware
• D. How to design advertisements exclusively

💡 'Digital consent literacy' involves teaching users to genuinely understand what they are agreeing to regarding data use, terms of service, and privacy.

4. What does 'prebunking' refer to as a strategy against misinformation?

• A. Proactively exposing people to weakened forms of misinformation to build resistance before they encounter it ✓
• B. Waiting until misinformation spreads widely before addressing it
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Prebunking' proactively exposes people to weakened examples of manipulation tactics, aiming to build psychological resistance before they encounter real misinformation.

5. What is 'digital blackface', a term used in discussions of online cultural appropriation?

• A. The use of GIFs, emojis, or content depicting Black people or culture by non-Black users in exaggerated or stereotypical ways ✓
• B. A legitimate form of respectful cultural sharing with no concerns
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Digital blackface' refers to the use of imagery depicting Black people or culture by non-Black users in exaggerated, stereotypical, or appropriative ways.

6. What does 'algorithmic amplification' refer to in the spread of misinformation?

• A. Recommendation systems potentially increasing the reach and visibility of false or misleading content ✓
• B. Recommendation systems that only ever promote verified, accurate content
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Algorithmic amplification' describes how recommendation systems can potentially increase the reach and visibility of false or misleading content.

7. What is 'coordinated inauthentic behavior', a term used by platforms like Meta?

• A. Networks of accounts working together to mislead people about who is behind the activity or its intent ✓
• B. Genuine, independent activity by unrelated individual users
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement disclosure that is fully transparent

💡 'Coordinated inauthentic behavior' describes networks of accounts working together to mislead people about who is behind an activity or its true purpose.

8. What does 'deplatforming' refer to?

• A. Removing an individual or group's access to a platform, typically due to policy violations ✓
• B. Providing additional platforms for an individual to use
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Deplatforming' refers to removing an individual or group's access to a platform, typically as a consequence of violating its policies.

9. What is the 'illusory truth effect'?

• A. The tendency to believe false information is true after repeated exposure to it ✓
• B. The tendency to always doubt repeated information
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 The 'illusory truth effect' describes the psychological tendency to believe false information is true simply due to repeated exposure.

10. What does 'media manipulation' broadly encompass in digital ethics discussions?

• A. Strategic use of tactics to distort public perception through media and online platforms ✓
• B. Any legitimate, transparent journalism or advertising
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Media manipulation' broadly encompasses strategic tactics used to distort public perception through media and online platforms, often deceptively.

11. What is 'algospeak', a term describing certain online communication patterns?

• A. Coded language or alternative spellings used to evade content moderation algorithms ✓
• B. A formal programming language used to build algorithms
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Algospeak' refers to coded language, alternative spellings, or euphemisms used online to evade automated content moderation systems.

12. What does 'platform accountability' typically call for regarding harmful content?

• A. Holding platforms responsible for how they moderate and address harmful content on their services ✓
• B. Removing all responsibility from platforms for hosted content
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Platform accountability' generally calls for holding social media companies responsible for how they moderate and address harmful content.

13. What does 'right to explanation' refer to in discussions of algorithmic transparency?

• A. A proposed principle that individuals should be able to understand why an automated system made a particular decision about them ✓
• B. A guarantee that algorithms will never make mistakes
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 The 'right to explanation' is a proposed principle suggesting individuals should be able to understand why an automated system, like an algorithm, made a particular decision affecting them.

14. What is 'synthetic media' a broader term encompassing, alongside deepfakes?

• A. AI-generated or AI-manipulated content, including audio, images, video, and text ✓
• B. Only traditionally filmed video content with no AI involvement
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Synthetic media' broadly encompasses AI-generated or AI-manipulated content, including deepfakes as well as AI-generated audio, images, and text.

15. What is a 'dark pattern' in the context of app or platform design?

• A. A user interface designed to trick or manipulate users into taking unintended actions ✓
• B. A legitimately helpful, transparent design feature
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement disclosure only

💡 A 'dark pattern' refers to user interface designs specifically crafted to trick or manipulate users into taking actions they didn't intend.

16. What is 'engagement-driven journalism' sometimes criticized for prioritizing?

• A. Content that maximizes clicks and shares, potentially over depth or accuracy ✓
• B. Content that prioritizes accuracy above all engagement metrics
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement disclosure only

💡 'Engagement-driven journalism' is sometimes criticized for prioritizing content that maximizes clicks and shares, potentially at the expense of depth or accuracy.

17. What does 'source triangulation' involve in verifying online information?

• A. Confirming a claim through multiple independent, credible sources ✓
• B. Relying on a single source regardless of credibility
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Source triangulation' involves confirming a claim by checking it against multiple independent, credible sources before accepting it as accurate.

18. What does 'algorithmic accountability' advocate for?

• A. Transparency and responsibility regarding how algorithms make decisions that affect users ✓
• B. Complete secrecy regarding how algorithms function
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Algorithmic accountability' advocates for greater transparency and responsibility regarding how algorithms make decisions that significantly affect users.

19. What is 'context stripping' in the spread of misleading content?

• A. Sharing a piece of content, like an image or quote, without its original surrounding context, changing its apparent meaning ✓
• B. Always sharing content with its full, original context intact
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement format only

💡 'Context stripping' involves sharing content without its original surrounding context, which can significantly change or distort its apparent meaning.

20. What is 'astroturfing' specifically designed to disguise?

• A. Coordinated, often paid, campaigns as genuine grassroots public opinion ✓
• B. A legitimate, organic social movement with no coordination
• C. A type of privacy setting only
• D. A type of paid advertisement disclosure that is fully transparent

💡 'Astroturfing' is specifically designed to disguise coordinated, often paid, campaigns as genuine, organic grassroots public opinion.