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More medium-level science questions across physics, biology, and chemistry!
1. What is the term for organisms that break down dead organic matter?
💡 Decomposers like fungi and bacteria break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
2. What is the pH of pure water?
💡 Pure water has a pH of 7, which is neutral — neither acidic nor alkaline.
3. What is the name of the scale used to measure the hardness of minerals?
💡 The Mohs scale rates mineral hardness from 1 (talc) to 10 (diamond), developed by Friedrich Mohs in 1812.
4. What is the name of the force between opposite magnetic poles?
💡 Opposite magnetic poles (north and south) attract each other, while like poles repel each other.
5. Which vitamin is produced when skin is exposed to sunlight?
💡 Sunlight triggers the production of Vitamin D in the skin, essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
6. What is the term for the amount of matter in an object?
💡 Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms. Weight depends on gravity; mass does not.
7. What is the chemical symbol for gold?
💡 Gold's symbol Au comes from the Latin word "aurum." It has atomic number 79.
8. What is the name of the process by which liquid turns into gas at the surface?
💡 Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid at any temperature, as high-energy molecules escape into the air.
9. What is the most common type of star in the universe?
💡 Red dwarf stars (M-type) make up about 70% of all stars in the universe. Our Sun is a medium-sized yellow dwarf.
10. What is the name of the phenomenon where light bends when passing through different mediums?
💡 Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another with different optical density.
11. What is the name of the scientist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
💡 Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution by natural selection in "On the Origin of Species" in 1859.
12. Which organ in the human body is responsible for filtering blood?
💡 The kidneys filter about 200 litres of blood daily, removing waste products and excess water as urine.
13. What is Archimedes' principle about?
💡 Archimedes' principle states that any object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of fluid displaced.
14. What is the name of the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach?
💡 The esophagus (food pipe) is a muscular tube about 25 cm long that moves food from the mouth to the stomach.
15. What is the name of the process that converts glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen?
💡 Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) breaks down glucose without oxygen, producing lactic acid or alcohol.
16. What is the name of the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties?
💡 An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains all the chemical properties of that element.
17. What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
💡 A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, common in organic molecules.
18. Which planet has a Great Red Spot, a storm that has lasted hundreds of years?
💡 Jupiter's Great Red Spot is a giant storm larger than Earth that has been observed for at least 350 years.
19. Which element is essential for the formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
💡 Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.
20. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
💡 The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements, balance, and fine motor skills.