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Early Islam, the Prophet (PBUH), caliphs and Islamic civilization.
1. Where was Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) born?
💡 Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Mecca, Arabian Peninsula (modern-day Saudi Arabia) around 570 CE — known as the Year of the Elephant.
2. How many Muslims are there in the world today?
💡 There are approximately 1.9 billion Muslims in the world — about 25% of the global population. Islam is the second-largest and fastest-growing religion in the world.
3. Who was the mathematician who developed algebra?
💡 Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was a 9th-century Muslim mathematician whose work Al-Jabr gave us the word "algebra." The word "algorithm" also derives from his name.
4. When was Islam founded?
💡 Islam began in 610 CE when Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) received the first Quranic revelation in the Cave of Hira. The religion was established and spread from the Arabian Peninsula.
5. What is the Hijra?
💡 The Hijra refers to Prophet Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE. This event marks the beginning of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar.
6. What is the Golden Age of Islam?
💡 The Golden Age of Islam (8th-14th centuries) was when Muslim scholars led the world in science, mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and philosophy.
7. Who was the first Caliph of Islam after Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
💡 Abu Bakr al-Siddiq became the first Caliph after the Prophet's death in 632 CE. He was the Prophet's closest companion and father-in-law.
8. What were the two holiest cities in Islam?
💡 Mecca and Medina are the two holiest cities in Islam, both located in Saudi Arabia. Mecca contains the Kaaba and Medina contains the Prophet's Mosque.
9. What is Masjid al-Aqsa?
💡 Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem is the third holiest site in Islam. It was the first Qibla (prayer direction) before it was changed to Mecca, and is where the Prophet led all prophets in prayer during the Night Journey.
10. What is the Kaaba?
💡 The Kaaba is a cube-shaped structure located in the center of Masjid al-Haram in Mecca. Muslims worldwide face the Kaaba during prayer and circumambulate it during Hajj.