Networking and Internet Technology

1. What does "bandwidth" mean in networking?

• A. The speed of a single computer
• B. The maximum rate of data transfer across a network connection ✓
• C. The number of devices on a network
• D. The strength of a Wi-Fi signal

💡 Bandwidth is the maximum data transfer rate of a network connection, measured in Mbps or Gbps.

2. What is "two-factor authentication" (2FA)?

• A. A type of password
• B. A security process requiring two forms of verification to access an account ✓
• C. A type of encryption
• D. A network protocol

💡 2FA adds a second verification step (like an SMS code or app) on top of a password, greatly improving security.

3. What does DNS stand for?

• A. Dynamic Network System
• B. Data Name Server
• C. Domain Name System ✓
• D. Digital Network Service

💡 DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names like google.com into IP addresses computers use.

4. What does "TCP/IP" stand for?

• A. Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
• B. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ✓
• C. Technical Computer Protocol/Integrated Protocol
• D. Transfer Channel Protocol/Internal Protocol

💡 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the fundamental suite of protocols governing internet communication.

5. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

• A. No difference
• B. IPv6 is older
• C. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses; IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses to support more devices ✓
• D. IPv4 is faster

💡 IPv4 supports ~4.3 billion addresses (32-bit). IPv6 provides vastly more addresses (128-bit) to meet modern demands.

6. What does "HTTP 404" error mean?

• A. Server error
• B. Forbidden access
• C. No internet connection
• D. The requested page was not found ✓

💡 HTTP 404 is a standard error code meaning the server could not find the requested resource or page.

7. What is the purpose of a firewall?

• A. To speed up internet
• B. To store network data
• C. To monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules ✓
• D. To assign IP addresses

💡 A firewall monitors and filters network traffic, blocking unauthorized access while allowing legitimate communications.

8. What does VPN stand for?

• A. Virtual Private Network ✓
• B. Very Protected Network
• C. Virtual Protocol Network
• D. Verified Private Node

💡 A VPN (Virtual Private Network) creates an encrypted tunnel for internet traffic, providing privacy and security.

9. What is "packet switching" in networking?

• A. Sending data in one large chunk
• B. Breaking data into packets sent independently and reassembled at destination ✓
• C. A type of Wi-Fi protocol
• D. A type of Bluetooth connection

💡 Packet switching breaks data into small packets sent via the most efficient routes and reassembled at the destination.

10. What is "Net Neutrality"?

• A. Free internet for everyone
• B. The principle that ISPs treat all internet traffic equally without discrimination ✓
• C. A type of network security
• D. Equal Wi-Fi speeds for all

💡 Net neutrality requires ISPs to treat all internet traffic equally, not favoring or blocking specific websites or services.

11. What is "latency" in networking?

• A. The amount of data transferred
• B. The number of connected devices
• C. The time it takes for data to travel from source to destination ✓
• D. The strength of a signal

💡 Latency is the delay (in milliseconds) for data to travel from sender to receiver — low latency means faster response.

12. What protocol is used to send emails?

• A. HTTP
• B. FTP
• C. DNS
• D. SMTP ✓

💡 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the standard protocol for sending emails between servers.

13. What does "SSL/TLS" provide for websites?

• A. Faster loading speed
• B. Better image quality
• C. Encryption for secure data transmission between browser and server ✓
• D. Ad blocking

💡 SSL/TLS encrypts data between browser and server, shown by the padlock icon and https:// in the address bar.

14. What is the purpose of DHCP?

• A. To block malicious traffic
• B. To encrypt network data
• C. To automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network ✓
• D. To translate domain names

💡 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses to devices when they join a network.

15. What is a "MAC address"?

• A. A type of Apple computer
• B. Media Access Control address — a unique hardware identifier for network devices ✓
• C. A type of IP address
• D. A wireless network name

💡 A MAC address is a unique 48-bit hardware identifier assigned to each network interface card by the manufacturer.